Wine, ancient cities and monasteries, old Tbilisi, the Georgian Military Highway, Mount Kazbek, the resort of Batumi, one of the most beautiful and extreme mountain roads in the world and remote mountain regions.
Georgiafrom
Georgia / Tbilisi
Freedom
My icon is the Motherland,
The whole country is like a canvas,
The mountains and valleys shine,
She shares her lot with God himself.
Freedom is now ours,
She sings of glory to the future,
The star of dawn rises,
It rises and shines between two seas.
And glory to freedom,
Glory to freedom!
----
ჩემი ხატია სამშობლო,
ჩემი ტილოა ქვეყანა,
მთები და ველები ანათებს,
ღმერთთან ერთად განგება.
თავისუფლება დღეს ჩვენი,
მომავალს უმღერის დიდებას,
მზის ამოსვლის ვარსკვლავი,
ორ ზღვას შორის ანათებს.
დიდება თავისუფლებას,
თავისუფლებას დიდება!
01.01 New Year
January 07.01, Christmas (Orthodox)
March 03.03, Mother's Day
April 09.04, Unity Day
July 26.05, Independence Day
August 28.08, St. Mary's Day
November 23.11, St. George's Day
112, single emergency number
011 police
033, ambulance
Born:
– Joseph Stalin, political leader
– Shota Rustaveli, poet
– Eduard Shevardnadze, President
– Nino Katamadze, singer
– Tamara Gverdtsiteli, singer
Buried:
– Alexander Griboyedov, writer, diplomat
- Joseph Stalin's mother
– enter Abkhazia and South Ossetia through Russia
– exporting icons and antiques without a license
First (in the world)
– The world's first archaeologically confirmed wine-making region (about 8000 years old, Kvemo Kartli)
– The world's first case of grape domestication (Rkatsiteli variety)
– The world's first Christian temple built by a woman (Svetitskhoveli, the legend of Sidonia)
– The world's first national epic written in the Caucasian language ("The Knight in the Panther's Skin", 12th century)
– The world’s first monastery built in a cave at an altitude of over 1000 m (Vardzia)
Records (the "most" in the world)
– The oldest wine-making culture in the world
– The highest concentration of mineral springs in the Caucasus
– The tallest church in Transcaucasia (Sameba, Tbilisi)
– The highest road in Europe (Abano Pass, 2850 m)
– The largest cave in Eastern Europe (Verovy Cave, over 13 km)
– The highest density of medieval fortresses per square kilometer
Records (one of the most) in the world
– One of the most ancient languages with its own alphabet (Georgian)
- One of the most ancient Christian states
– One of the most popular mountain resorts in Eastern Europe (Gudauri)
– One of the most famous trekking routes in the Caucasus (Mestia–Ushguli)
– One of the richest regions in biodiversity in Europe
– One of the most famous centers of gastronomic tourism
– One of the most stable wine export markets among small countries
– One of the highest levels of cultural identity in Europe
Anti-records (the "most" in the world)
– The highest share of migration of the working-age population in the EU (in terms of per capita)
– The highest proportion of right-hand drive vehicles among countries with left-hand traffic (in the past)
Anti-records ("one of the most" in the world)
– One of the highest rates of youth unemployment
– One of the highest levels of remittance dependence
– One of the highest levels of vulnerability to earthquakes in the region
– Tbilisi has one of the highest levels of air pollution
– One of the highest levels of informal employment
– One of the highest levels of shortage of medical personnel is in rural areas
– greeting / გამარჯობა / gamarjoba
– gratitude / გმადლობთ / gmadlobt
– please / გთხოვთ / gtxovt
– sorry / ბოდიში / bodishi
– where is the bus...? / ავტობუსი სად არის…? /avtobusi sad aris
– how much does a ticket cost? / ბილეთი რამდენია? /bileti ramdenia
– pharmacy / აფთიაქი / apthiaqi
– I need a doctor / ექიმი მჭირდება / eqimi mchirdeba
– I need help / დახმარება მჭირდება / daxmareba mchirdeba
– call the police / გამოიძახეთ პოლიცია / gamoidzakhet politsia
– call an ambulance / გამოიძახეთ სასწრაფო / gamoidzakhet sastsrapo
– very tasty! / ძალიან გემრიელია! / dzalian gemrielia
– bill please / ანგარიში, გთხოვთ / angarishi gtxovt
– toast / გაუმარჯოს! (Let's be alive and well!) / gaumarjos
– joke / სტუმარი ღვთისაა! (The guest is God's messenger!) / st'umari ghvtis-aa
First (in the world)
– The world's first archaeologically confirmed wine-making region (about 8000 years old, Kvemo Kartli)
– The world's first case of grape domestication (Rkatsiteli variety)
– The world's first Christian temple built by a woman (Svetitskhoveli, the legend of Sidonia)
– The world's first national epic written in the Caucasian language ("The Knight in the Panther's Skin", 12th century)
– The world’s first monastery built in a cave at an altitude of over 1000 m (Vardzia)
Records (the "most" in the world)
– The oldest wine-making culture in the world
– The highest concentration of mineral springs in the Caucasus
– The tallest church in Transcaucasia (Sameba, Tbilisi)
– The highest road in Europe (Abano Pass, 2850 m)
– The largest cave in Eastern Europe (Verovy Cave, over 13 km)
– The highest density of medieval fortresses per square kilometer
Records (one of the most) in the world
– One of the most ancient languages with its own alphabet (Georgian)
- One of the most ancient Christian states
– One of the most popular mountain resorts in Eastern Europe (Gudauri)
– One of the most famous trekking routes in the Caucasus (Mestia–Ushguli)
– One of the richest regions in biodiversity in Europe
– One of the most famous centers of gastronomic tourism
– One of the most stable wine export markets among small countries
– One of the highest levels of cultural identity in Europe
Anti-records (the "most" in the world)
– The highest share of migration of the working-age population in the EU (in terms of per capita)
– The highest proportion of right-hand drive vehicles among countries with left-hand traffic (in the past)
Anti-records ("one of the most" in the world)
– One of the highest rates of youth unemployment
– One of the highest levels of remittance dependence
– One of the highest levels of vulnerability to earthquakes in the region
– Tbilisi has one of the highest levels of air pollution
– One of the highest levels of informal employment
– One of the highest levels of shortage of medical personnel is in rural areas
It is customary to discuss:
– National cuisine (khachapuri, wine)
– Hospitality and traditions
It is not accepted to discuss:
– Politics and conflicts
– Relations with neighbors
– Abkhazia and South Ossetia
Insects
– Mass groups: beetles, ants, butterflies, bees, dragonflies.
– Endemics: Caucasian species of beetles and butterflies, limited to mountainous regions.
– Interesting facts: There are more than 11,000 species of insects in Georgia; many species are pollinators of subtropical crops.
– Threats: pesticides, climate change, habitat loss.
– Danger to humans: hornets, allergic reactions.
Birds
– Common species: sparrows, swallows, pigeons, thrushes, seagulls.
– Endemics: Caucasian black grouse, Caucasian rock partridge.
– Interesting facts: Georgia is one of the largest migration corridors in Eurasia; millions of birds fly through every year.
– Threats: poaching, power lines, urbanization.
– Red Book: Caucasian black grouse – vulnerable species (VU); Caucasian partridge – vulnerable (VU).
Fish and marine fauna
– Common species: anchovy, mullet, red mullet, horse mackerel.
– Endemics: Caucasian freshwater species (trout, chub).
– Interesting facts: The Black Sea contains unique deep-sea zones without oxygen; many fish live only in the upper layers.
– Threats: overfishing, pollution, changes in salinity.
– Danger: jellyfish, rare cases of ciguatera in imported species.
– Red Book: Black Sea sturgeon – endangered (EN).
Reptiles
– Common species: lizards, snakes, copperheads.
– Endemics: Caucasian viper, Georgian lizard.
– Interesting facts: There are about 55 species of reptiles in Georgia; most are harmless.
– Threats: habitat destruction, road traffic.
– Red Book: Caucasian viper – endangered (EN).
Small and medium-sized mammals
– Common species: hares, foxes, jackals, hedgehogs.
– Endemics: Caucasian forest mouse, Caucasian mole.
– Interesting facts: many species have adapted to life alongside humans.
– Threats: urbanization, deforestation.
large mammals
– Main species: brown bear, wolf, lynx, aurochs, chamois.
– Endemics: West Caucasian tour.
– Interesting facts: The Caucasus is one of the last regions of Europe where large predators have survived.
– Threats: poaching, habitat loss.
– Red Book: West Caucasian tur – endangered (EN); Caucasian lynx – vulnerable (VU).
Broadleaf forests
– Common species: oak, beech, hornbeam, chestnut.
– Endemics: Caucasian beech, Georgian oak.
– Interesting facts: forests occupy about 40% of the territory; many trees reach 300–500 years of age.
– Threats: deforestation, fires, pests.
– Red Book: Georgian oak – vulnerable (VU).
Subtropical flora
– Common species: palms, magnolias, citrus fruits, laurels.
– Interesting facts: Adjara’s humid climate allows for the cultivation of tea and eucalyptus.
– Threats: storms, plant diseases.
Mountain flora
– Common species: rhododendrons, junipers, alpine grasses.
– Endemics: Caucasian rhododendrons, rare alpine flowers.
– Interesting facts: in the highlands there are plants that grow only in the Caucasus.
– Threats: climate change, soil erosion.
– Red Book: some species of rhododendrons are vulnerable (VU).
Steppe and semi-desert vegetation
– Common species: feather grass, wormwood, cereals.
– Interesting facts: eastern Georgia has unique semi-desert ecosystems.
– Threats: plowing of land, grazing of cattle.
Coastal and aquatic flora
– Common species: reed, bulrush, algae.
– Interesting facts: the humid zones of Colchis are some of the oldest ecosystems in Europe.
– Threats: drainage of swamps, pollution.
– Red Book: Colchis marsh species – vulnerable (VU).
– visit monasteries
– to visit the mountains
Wine, ancient cities and monasteries, old Tbilisi, the Georgian Military Highway, Mount Kazbek, the resort of Batumi, one of the most beautiful and extreme mountain roads in the world and remote mountain regions.
/
World
/
World
Freedom
My icon is the Motherland,
The whole country is like a canvas,
The mountains and valleys shine,
She shares her lot with God himself.
Freedom is now ours,
She sings of glory to the future,
The star of dawn rises,
It rises and shines between two seas.
And glory to freedom,
Glory to freedom!
----
ჩემი ხატია სამშობლო,
ჩემი ტილოა ქვეყანა,
მთები და ველები ანათებს,
ღმერთთან ერთად განგება.
თავისუფლება დღეს ჩვენი,
მომავალს უმღერის დიდებას,
მზის ამოსვლის ვარსკვლავი,
ორ ზღვას შორის ანათებს.
დიდება თავისუფლებას,
თავისუფლებას დიდება!
01.01 New Year
January 07.01, Christmas (Orthodox)
March 03.03, Mother's Day
April 09.04, Unity Day
July 26.05, Independence Day
August 28.08, St. Mary's Day
November 23.11, St. George's Day
112, single emergency number
011 police
033, ambulance
Born:
– Joseph Stalin, political leader
– Shota Rustaveli, poet
– Eduard Shevardnadze, President
– Nino Katamadze, singer
– Tamara Gverdtsiteli, singer
Buried:
– Alexander Griboyedov, writer, diplomat
- Joseph Stalin's mother
– enter Abkhazia and South Ossetia through Russia
– exporting icons and antiques without a license
– greeting / გამარჯობა / gamarjoba
– gratitude / გმადლობთ / gmadlobt
– please / გთხოვთ / gtxovt
– sorry / ბოდიში / bodishi
– where is the bus...? / ავტობუსი სად არის…? /avtobusi sad aris
– how much does a ticket cost? / ბილეთი რამდენია? /bileti ramdenia
– pharmacy / აფთიაქი / apthiaqi
– I need a doctor / ექიმი მჭირდება / eqimi mchirdeba
– I need help / დახმარება მჭირდება / daxmareba mchirdeba
– call the police / გამოიძახეთ პოლიცია / gamoidzakhet politsia
– call an ambulance / გამოიძახეთ სასწრაფო / gamoidzakhet sastsrapo
– very tasty! / ძალიან გემრიელია! / dzalian gemrielia
– bill please / ანგარიში, გთხოვთ / angarishi gtxovt
– toast / გაუმარჯოს! (Let's be alive and well!) / gaumarjos
– joke / სტუმარი ღვთისაა! (The guest is God's messenger!) / st'umari ghvtis-aa
First (in the world)
– The world's first archaeologically confirmed wine-making region (about 8000 years old, Kvemo Kartli)
– The world's first case of grape domestication (Rkatsiteli variety)
– The world's first Christian temple built by a woman (Svetitskhoveli, the legend of Sidonia)
– The world's first national epic written in the Caucasian language ("The Knight in the Panther's Skin", 12th century)
– The world’s first monastery built in a cave at an altitude of over 1000 m (Vardzia)
Records (the "most" in the world)
– The oldest wine-making culture in the world
– The highest concentration of mineral springs in the Caucasus
– The tallest church in Transcaucasia (Sameba, Tbilisi)
– The highest road in Europe (Abano Pass, 2850 m)
– The largest cave in Eastern Europe (Verovy Cave, over 13 km)
– The highest density of medieval fortresses per square kilometer
Records (one of the most) in the world
– One of the most ancient languages with its own alphabet (Georgian)
- One of the most ancient Christian states
– One of the most popular mountain resorts in Eastern Europe (Gudauri)
– One of the most famous trekking routes in the Caucasus (Mestia–Ushguli)
– One of the richest regions in biodiversity in Europe
– One of the most famous centers of gastronomic tourism
– One of the most stable wine export markets among small countries
– One of the highest levels of cultural identity in Europe
Anti-records (the "most" in the world)
– The highest share of migration of the working-age population in the EU (in terms of per capita)
– The highest proportion of right-hand drive vehicles among countries with left-hand traffic (in the past)
Anti-records ("one of the most" in the world)
– One of the highest rates of youth unemployment
– One of the highest levels of remittance dependence
– One of the highest levels of vulnerability to earthquakes in the region
– Tbilisi has one of the highest levels of air pollution
– One of the highest levels of informal employment
– One of the highest levels of shortage of medical personnel is in rural areas
It is customary to discuss:
– National cuisine (khachapuri, wine)
– Hospitality and traditions
It is not accepted to discuss:
– Politics and conflicts
– Relations with neighbors
– Abkhazia and South Ossetia
– visit monasteries
– to visit the mountains
Georgia / TbilisiRegions of Georgia...